The latest edition of EURACOAL’s premier publication was published in January 2024.
Contents
Socio-economic and global aspects of coal use as the EU phases out fossil fuels
The road ahead for Europe’s coal regions during a just transition
International coal market and global energy trends
EU statistics – Data for EU member states that use only imported coal, 2022
|
|
Population (million) |
GDP (€ billion) |
Primary energy production |
Total primary energy supply |
Primary coal |
|
Coal and peat power generation |
Capacity of coal-fired generation |
|
Austria |
9.1 |
447.2 |
17.3 |
45.4 |
3.5 |
69.2 |
2.0 |
n.a. |
|
Belgium |
11.8 |
554.0 |
22.7 |
72.2 |
3.9 |
95.9 |
2.3 |
n.a. |
|
Croatia |
3.9 |
68.0 |
5.3 |
11.9 |
0.6 |
14.2 |
1.6 |
217 |
|
Denmark |
5.9 |
380.6 |
14.2 |
22.8 |
1.5 |
35.1 |
4.4 |
3 165 |
|
Finland * |
5.6 |
268.6 |
28.0 |
45.7 |
3.1 |
72.2 |
6.2 |
1 682 |
|
France |
68.1 |
2,639.1 |
154.0 |
306.7 |
10.7 |
474.8 |
6.0 |
1 816 |
|
Ireland * |
5.2 |
506.3 |
4.5 |
19.5 |
1.0 |
33.9 |
2.6 |
855 |
|
Italy |
58.9 |
1,946.5 |
48.9 |
206.5 |
10.6 |
284.0 |
24.2 |
8 417 |
|
Netherlands |
17.8 |
958.5 |
34.7 |
91.4 |
7.9 |
121.8 |
17.4 |
4 006 |
|
Spain |
48.1 |
1,346.4 |
51.4 |
165.5 |
5.1 |
292.5 |
8.7 |
4 642 |
|
Sweden * |
10.5 |
562.5 |
51.0 |
64.5 |
2.2 |
173.2 |
0.7 |
n.a. |
* coal figure includes peat
Sources: EURACOAL members, Eurostat, IEA and ENTSO-E. See country chapters for data on coal-producing member states.
EU statistics – Coal production and imports in 2022 for the EU-27
|
|
Hard coal production |
Lignite production |
Hard coal imports |
|
Austria |
|
|
2.5 |
|
Belgium |
|
|
3.2 |
|
Bulgaria |
|
35.5 |
1.3 |
|
Croatia |
|
|
0.6 |
|
Czech Republic |
1.8 |
33.4 |
4.4 |
|
Denmark |
|
|
1.9 |
|
Finland |
|
|
4.0 |
|
France |
|
|
7.8 |
|
Germany |
130.8 |
42.3 |
|
|
Greece |
|
14.3 |
0.1 |
|
Hungary |
|
4.9 |
0.8 |
|
Ireland |
|
|
1.5 |
|
Italy |
|
|
11.8 |
|
Netherlands |
|
|
9.0 |
|
Poland |
52.8 |
54.6 |
20.2 |
|
Romania |
18.2 |
0.6 |
|
|
Slovakia |
|
0.9 |
2.9 |
|
Slovenia |
|
2.4 |
0.4 |
|
Spain |
|
9.9 |
|
|
Sweden |
|
|
1.9 |
|
others |
|
0.4 |
|
|
EU-27 |
54.6 |
294.9 |
127.5 |
Sources: EURACOAL members and Eurostat nrg_cb_sff database, last update 21.12.2023
EU statistics – Power generation structure in the EU-27 in 2022
|
Total gross power |
Coal & coal |
|
Fossil |
Nuclear |
|
New |
Waste |
||
|
Austria |
69.2 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
1.0 |
15.7 |
0.0 |
50.1 |
22.7 |
7.6 |
|
Belgium |
95.9 |
3.4 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
22.9 |
45.7 |
0.3 |
25.2 |
3.2 |
|
Bulgaria |
50.5 |
1.8 |
43.1 |
1.0 |
4.1 |
32.6 |
7.5 |
11.6 |
0.1 |
|
Croatia |
14.2 |
0.5 |
11.0 |
0.6 |
24.7 |
0.0 |
38.4 |
24.6 |
0.8 |
|
Cyprus |
5.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
83.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16.8 |
0.0 |
|
Czechia |
84.8 |
3.0 |
44.1 |
0.1 |
5.1 |
36.6 |
2.5 |
10.2 |
1.4 |
|
Denmark |
35.1 |
1.2 |
12.6 |
0.9 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
81.1 |
2.4 |
|
Estonia ** |
8.9 |
0.3 |
66.0 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
31.7 |
1.1 |
|
Finland * |
72.2 |
2.6 |
8.6 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
35.1 |
18.7 |
34.9 |
1.1 |
|
France |
474.8 |
16.8 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
9.6 |
62.1 |
9.6 |
14.3 |
1.8 |
|
Germany |
580.3 |
20.5 |
32.7 |
0.9 |
14.8 |
6.0 |
3.0 |
40.2 |
2.3 |
|
Greece |
52.7 |
1.9 |
10.9 |
9.7 |
36.3 |
0.0 |
7.3 |
35.3 |
0.4 |
|
Hungary |
35.8 |
1.3 |
8.6 |
0.2 |
24.7 |
44.2 |
0.5 |
20.9 |
0.9 |
|
Ireland * |
33.9 |
1.2 |
7.7 |
3.2 |
48.8 |
0.0 |
2.1 |
36.5 |
1.7 |
|
Italy |
284.0 |
10.1 |
8.5 |
4.5 |
49.8 |
0.0 |
10.0 |
25.4 |
1.8 |
|
Latvia |
5.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
24.2 |
0.0 |
55.0 |
20.7 |
0.0 |
|
Lithuania |
4.8 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
7.9 |
10.8 |
0.0 |
9.7 |
53.6 |
18.1 |
|
Luxembourg |
2.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.4 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
42.3 |
50.4 |
|
Malta |
2.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
2.5 |
84.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
0.0 |
|
Netherlands |
121.8 |
4.3 |
14.3 |
1.3 |
39.2 |
3.4 |
0.0 |
39.6 |
2.1 |
|
Poland |
179.7 |
6.4 |
70.5 |
1.3 |
6.3 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
19.9 |
0.9 |
|
Portugal |
48.8 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
2.6 |
35.6 |
0.0 |
13.4 |
43.2 |
5.2 |
|
Romania |
56.0 |
2.0 |
18.7 |
2.0 |
16.7 |
19.8 |
25.0 |
17.2 |
0.7 |
|
Slovakia |
26.8 |
1.0 |
7.7 |
1.9 |
7.8 |
59.3 |
13.3 |
8.0 |
1.9 |
|
Slovenia |
13.6 |
0.5 |
23.0 |
0.4 |
3.6 |
41.2 |
23.1 |
6.8 |
1.9 |
|
Spain |
292.5 |
10.4 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
29.4 |
20.0 |
6.0 |
36.0 |
1.9 |
|
Sweden * |
173.2 |
6.1 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
30.0 |
40.4 |
27.9 |
1.0 |
|
EU-27 |
2,824.3 |
100.0 |
17.1 |
2.0 |
19.2 |
21.6 |
9.8 |
28.5 |
2.0 |
* coal figure includes peat
** coal figure includes oil shale
Source: Eurostat nrg_bal_peh database, last update 19.12.2023
Data sources and references
Unless otherwise stated, statistical data is from EURACOAL members, national government agencies, Eurostat, the International Energy Agency, and the World Bank.
BGR (2022), BGR Energy Study 2021 – data and developments concerning German and global energy supplies, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Federal Institute for Geo-sciences and Natural Resources), Hannover, Germany, August
BGR (2023), Energiedaten 2022 – Daten zu Entwicklungen der deutschen und globalen Energieversorgung, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources), Hannover, 5 January
Energy Institute (2023), Statistical Review of World Energy, 72nd ed., Energy Institute, London, June
ENTSO-E (2023), Statistical Factsheet 2022 – provisional values as of June 2023, European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity AISBL, Brussels, June
European Commission (2011), State aids SA.24642 (N 708/2007) – DE – State aid for the closure of hard coal mines and SA.33766 – notification of aid to coal for 2011, decision letter dated 07.12.2011, C(2011) 8882, Brussels
European Commission (2020a), Proposal for a Regulation establishing the Just Transition Fund, COM(2020) 22, Brussels, 14 January
European Commission (2020b), JTM and JTF Allocation Table, Brussels, 15 January
European Commission (2020c), Impact Assessment accompanying the document Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition – investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people, SWD(2020) 176, Part 1/2, Brussels 17 September
European Commission (2021a), Commission Staff Working Document on the territorial just transition plans, SWD(2021) 275, Brussels 23 September
European Commission (2021b), EU Reference Scenario 2020 – energy, transport and GHG emissions – trends to 2050, Publications Office of the EU, Luxembourg, July 2021
European Commission (2021c), Policy scenarios for delivering the European Green Deal, Brussels, July 2021
European Commission (2022a), 2022 Report on Energy Subsidies in the EU, COM(2022) 642, Brussels, 15 November
European Commission (2022b), Implementing the REPowerEU Action Plan – investment needs, hydrogen accelerator and achieving the bio-methane targets, SWD(2022) 230, Brussels, 18 May
European Commission (2022c), 2021-2027 – Goal: Investment in Jobs and Growth – Initial EU allocation by MS for programming (EUR current prices), updated 29 April
European Environment Agency (2023), Use of auctioning revenues generated under the EU Emissions Trading System, Copenhagen, 19 December
European Parliament (2019), EU support for coal regions, European Parliamentary Research Service, briefing report PE 642.217, October
Frondel, M., Kambeck, R., Schmidt, C.M. (2006), Kohlesubventionen um jeden Preis? Eine Streitschrift zu den Argumentationslinien des Gesamtverbandes des deutschen Steinkohlenbergbaus, RWI Materialien, No.25, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen
IEA (2009), Cleaner Coal in China, International Energy Agency, Paris, April
IEA (2022), World Energy Outlook 2022, International Energy Agency, Paris, November
JRC (2021), Recent trends in EU coal, peat and oil shale regions, JRC123508, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Publications Office of the EU, Luxembourg, March
Oei, P.-Y., Brauers, H., Herpich, P. (2020), “Lessons from Germany’s hard coal mining phase-out: policies and transition from 1950 to 2018”, Climate Policy, vol.20, no.8, pp.963‑979
Rutledge, D. (2011), “Estimating long-term world coal production with logit and probit transforms”, International Journal of Coal Geology, vol.85, iss.1, pp.23-33, 1 January 2011, pp.23-33 and background material
Storchmann, K. (2005), “The rise and fall of German hard coal subsidies”, Energy Policy, vol.33, iss.11, pp.1469‑1492, July
VDKi (2023), Annual Report 2023 – facts and trends 2022/23, Verein der Kohlenimporteure e.V., Berlin, September
WEC (2022), World Energy Trilemma Index 2022, World Energy Council, London, November
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